Rockwell MBB X31

The Rockwell/MBB X-31 EFM (enhanced fighter maneuvrability) program was the first international X-plane. The unique configuration of delta canard, thrust vectoring system and full digital flight control permit control flight up to 70deg AOA. The thrust vectoring system consists of three carbon-carbon vanes that can be deflect up to 35deg into the jet plume. The two lower vanes can be used as speed brakes by extending them to their maximum 60deg outward position. Mock up combat with an FA-18 showed a 35/1 kill ratio for the EFM post stall maneuvring.